
Fillmore started out as an apprentice cloth maker before attending New Hope Academy for six months in 1819. Later that year, he began to clerk for Judge Walter Wood of Montville, New York, under whom Fillmore studied law. He married Abigail Powers on February 5, 1826. The couple had two children, Millard Powers Fillmore and Mary Abigail Fillmore. After leaving Wood and buying out his apprenticeship, Fillmore moved to Buffalo, where he continued his studies in law. He was admitted to the bar in 1823 and began his law practice in East Aurora in 1825. He served as a state assemblyman in New York and later he served four terms in Congress. Fillmore ran for Governor of New York in 1844 and later served as the state comptroller.
He was chosen as Zachary Taylor's running mate for the election of 1848 and was elected as Vice-President. When Taylor died in office on July 9, 1850, Fillmore became President. Fillmore opposed the proposal to keep slavery out of the territories annexed during the Mexican–American War. He supported the Compromise of 1850, including the Fugitive Slave Act, all of which he signed into law.
On the foreign policy front, Fillmore furthered the rising trade with Japan and clashed with the French over Napoleon III's attempt to annex Hawaii and with the French and the British over the attempt of Narciso López to invade Cuba.
After his presidency, Fillmore joined the Know-Nothing party, which espoused anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic policies. He ran unsuccessfully for President as that party's candidate in the election of 1856. Throughout the Civil War, he opposed President Abraham Lincoln and during Reconstruction supported President Andrew Johnson. Fillmore's first wife Abigail died in 1853 and in 1858 he married Caroline McIntosh, a wealthy widow. Their combined wealth allowed them to purchase a large home in Buffalo, New York.

Millard Fillmore died at 11:10 pm on March 8, 1874, of the aftereffects of a stroke. His last words were spoken as he was being fed some soup. He said "the nourishment is palatable" and then went to meet his maker.